Soil pollution - definition, causes, types, effects.

 

Soil pollution is known as the kind of substances that harm the soil itself and human health. Soil pollutants encompass solid waste, oil spills, poisonous chemicals, and many others., that have numerous poor effects at the environment.

1. Chemical contaminants in soil:

- Pesticides and herbicides: These chemical substances are used for crop protection.1 The evaporation of these chemical substances also can contaminate and destabilize the soil, as a result health threats to human beings or dwelling matters.

- Industrial effluents: Industries discharge pollution such as heavy metals, chemical solvents and other poisonous chemical substances into the soil. These materials also contaminate the soil over time and reason issues over the years.

2. Physical soil pollution :

- Solid Waste Disposal: Improper disposal of solid waste including plastics and other biodegradable materials causes physical pollution. This erosion interferes with this natural process of the soil, preventing water infiltration and mineral absorption.

3. Natural soil contamination:

- bacteria and microorganisms: Unclean sewage and poor sanitation cause health hazards and can be used to contaminate with harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and so on.

- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Genetically modified crops should be introduced with caution as they can adversely affect soil ecosystems, causing ecological imbalances

4. Ground pollution caused by noise:

- Construction activities: Noise from construction sites can also have indirect effects. Vibrations and turbulence cause erosion and can cause changes in soil physical properties.

1. Clay Clay :

- Water storage: The soil absorbs water well so it can store water for the plants even if there is very little rainfall.

- Nutrient storage: In addition, it slows down the storage of nutrients, which slows plant growth.

- Erosion control: Soil cohesion prevents erosion.

2. Wetlands:

- Fertility: Wetlands are generally recognized as very fertile and fertile with abundant agricultural plants.

- Water: Clay has a better permeability than clay, therefore reducing water absorption.

3. Sandy soil:

- Aeration: Aeration in sandy soil is good for the development of roots, which help to remove excess water from it.

- Drainage: In addition, its coarse structure promotes rapid drainage, eliminates soil compaction and allows good germination of vegetation.

4. Clay soil:

- Ideal texture: Loamy soil consists of a mixed material, a mixture of sand, silt and clay - a good soil for most crops.

- Nutrient Retention: Still contains vital minerals but absorbs water and promotes drainage and ventilation.

These soils interact with each other and are very important for the proper functioning of the ecosystem. Holding water in clay soil, silt provides fertility, sand promotes aeration and clay balances it all out. These complex interactions are disrupted by soil contamination, posing a risk to ecosystem health and sustainable agriculture.

Finally, addressing soil pollution requires an integrated pollution prevention and soil conservation program. Sound agricultural practices, effective waste disposal and regulation should support the maintenance of healthy soils, viable ecosystems and stable human societies.